Breaking the Naval Diplomacy in Homeland Defense

By: Marine Major (P) Salim, Member of Advisory Board Daily TANDEF "The power of diplomacy and the Navy's high sense of patriotism that are supported by strengthening the other elements which together with the defense forces are tailored to the geographical conditions of Republic of Indonesia, can be a powerful force that diplomacy and factual." In general, according to Merriam Webster online dictionary, diplomacy, namely: 1) the art and practice of conducting negotiations the between nations, 2) skill in handling affairs without arousing hostility. The most important thing in the sense is that diplomacy can be used to negotiate in order to overcome the problems between countries by not cause a feud. In relations between nations in today's era of globalization, in particular claim the border regions as well as Indonesia and Malaysia in the Sulawesi Sea, Yellow Sea turmoil between North and South Korea, turmoil Spartly Islands disputed by six countries in the region which is the chaff that is ready whenever the fire was smoldering dipantik . Obviously, the quality of relations between nations in the world is determined by the quality of diplomacy. Many people think that diplomacy is only done by the statesmen and officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In fact, from numerous examples of diplomacy, maritime border conflict mentioned above, precisely in the field of diplomacy conducted by the Navy. Similarly, the border on land, the Army carry out the same role. After the friction occurs as the ever happening Ambalat, why we must carry out large-scale exercises in the border area? When the events of the death of a Marine on the border of North and South Korea, South Korean Navy and U.S. Navy also conducted a large-scale exercises in the area. Why is that? That's part of diplomacy in the format of deterrence. In addition also to signal peace, diplomacy is also carried to the interests that are affected, and also forced other countries to Afraid or defuse conflicts and tensions which if left unchecked will lead to greater disagreement. Perspective of peritiwa is that diplomacy in general Navy held with the aim to influence or change the character or pattern of foreign policy where the target is a foreign policy to foreign governments. Why the Navy? An event that begins with a blockade by the U.S. Navy forces in Cuban waters of the muzzle which is an event that shows a resultant coercive known as gunboat diplomacy or gunboat diplomacy which eventually became the Naval Diplomacy Diplomacy or Navy. On the other hand, Diplomacy navy not only lead to coercive diplomacy, but the Navy forces could become an instrument of diplomacy as in cooperative activities: honor visit, fleet review, a joint exercise, capacity building, human disaster relief. One of the factors why the navy is endurance (ketahanlamaan) operating in a broad space and time length, and the ease to maneuver, making it an effective instrument for achieving foreign policy objectives. The concept of the use of military force, especially the Navy traditionally was originally used for more abrasive action, but action is now evolving to a more cooperative form of coercive. One model of diplomacy that brought the Navy can be realized in the form of presence and engagement, control the spread and development of technology and weaponry, as well as overcoming the threat of a potential obstacle to the development of economic strength. Therefore, the opportunity to implement a naval diplomacy in a national military operations can be spread on a series of escalating conflict. According to Ken Booth, the Navy can play three universal functions, namely the role of Diplomacy, Military and Konstabulari. Rules of the role of diplomacy for the new Navy stated in the Law No.34 year 2004 article 9c. The role of diplomacy is closely associated with Foreign Policy, but if our country is already implementing this role? The diplomatic role of navies is concerned with the management of foreign policy short of the actual employment of force. Diplomatic applications support state policy in particular Situations bargaining or in the general international intercourse. This role includes the start of the naval presence, although not all forces must and can have this option, as well as the latent capability is called latent naval capabilities. This role is often referred to as "Navy show of force" which has become the Navy's traditional role. Diplomacy is the support for the government's foreign policy that is designed and deployed to influence another country's leadership in peace and in war situations. In some countries that have developed, the Navy Diplomacy is part of the defense strategy. Therefore, almost no difference between the maritime strategy and naval strategy. Environment Shaping America to implement it with his instrument Navy through the role of diplomacy. Recently Malaysia has been able to implement safeguards against niaganya ships and can carry out a crackdown against the pirates in Somalia, which indicates that TLDM been able to act as a fighting instrument that actively seek to secure assets in the country over the sea. A question for our own country, can the Navy has to secure a move away state assets for the benefit of nation and state? This great country has not fully maximize the role of the diplomacy of the Navy as "Part of the Defense Policy" because it is still at the level of cooperation and dialogue alone. Applications force the Navy to the interests of diplomacy has lasted many centuries ago, and will not disappear as long in this world there is still Navy. However, with the ability to operate away from its mother country in a long time, the Navy will always be a major diplomatic option for countries who understand the characteristics of the Navy. Threat in Indonesia Sea Region and Defence Diplomacy Let's think realistically, if our country is an archipelago with 80% of its territory is the sea and 20% land is land, then the question is where is the biggest threat to the sovereignty of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia located? This threat becomes higher because of the position of Indonesia is in the geography of world trade traffic. Given the different interests across the country, so maybe they were doing intelligence work or steal fish, etc., without being detected by the defense and maritime security capabilities. With the fact that the sea is an open area, then by Indonesia leluasanya marine wealth exploited by other nations without any of our ability to protect it.? ? Legally, Article 3 Paragraph (2) of Act 3 / 2002 stipulates that the state defense prepared by taking into account the geographical condition of Indonesia as an archipelagic country. The problem is that the juridical basis of this framework is implemented as a rationale in implementing defense reform. This is due to the lack of common understanding among stakeholders of defense, including citizens and politicians about its implementation. Of the potential threats that exist in the area of ??Homeland, the development of the island nation's defense or maritime nations should be the reference. If implemented instead, namely the Continent-oriented approach, it resulted in the country's defense capability is only 20%. Consequently, the territorial sovereignty of the main pillars in the elaboration of the construction of Indonesia's defense capability becomes narrower. Marine area which reaches 80% just does not get the maximum attention. ? The geographical potential in addition to a threat but also an element of static to build up a strong maritime country which will be very different from the country in the middle of the continent (land-locked). Indonesia is shaped geographical areas where the vast archipelagic sea beyond the land, and are at the world cross, so the defense diplomacy, particularly the Navy Diplomacy is a vital and basic needs, and should continue to be developed in line with the development of the existing strategic environment. Diplomacy as an instrument Homeland defense strategy should be in synergy with other instruments that would form an effective and powerful force in achieving the desired objectives. Lack of implementation of Naval Diplomacy in the country's defense strategy is a reflection that our country has not given special attention especially on defense diplomacy Diplomacy Navy.

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AFV 432

Designation: AFV 432
Manufactured by: ALVIS PLC
Type: Armoured Vehicles
Name: Tracked armoured personnel carrier
The FV 430 family of vehicles is rapidly approaching the end of its service life. There are currently three funded vehicle programmes which will replace role vehicles currently provided by the 430 series.

All current 430 vehicles will be replaced by a vehicle providing the appropriate protected mobility within the armoured and mechanised forces.

The replacement families of vehicles are:

a. The Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV); in service date (ISD)2007.

b. The Future Command Liaison Vehicle (FCLV); ISD 2005.

c. Armoured Battlegroup Support Vehicle (ABSV); ISD 2009.

In addition, the recognised requirement to provide a 'Future Rapid Effect System' (FRES) will result in a programme to provide an essential number of airportable or air deliverable light armoured vehicles for mechanised infantry in a rapid reaction scenario. FRES dedicated vehicles are expected to be delivered in the time frame 2007 to 2011.

The AFV432 is NBC proof and when necessary, can be converted for swimming, when it has a water speed of 6km/h. Properly maintained, it is a rugged and reliable vehicle with a good cross country performance. The most serious drawback is the lack of vision ports for the crew and their subsequent disorientation after dismounting.

Specifications
Property	crew	Troops	Length (mm)	Weight (kg)	Height	Width (mm)	Griund Pressure (kg/sm<2	Max.road Speed (km/h)	Max road Range (km)	Engine Power Output (h.p)	Vertical Obstacle (mm)	Trench (mm)	Gradient (%)	Main Weapon caliber (mm)	Number Of Smoke Grenade Louchers
Value	2	10	5250	15280	2280	2800	0.78	52	580	260	900	2050	60	7.62	6

Has Folowing Part:
Part	K60 No.4 (Diesel Engine)	Swingfire (anti-tank quided Missile Loucher
Amount	1	2

Source: http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product2898.html
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Leopard 2A4

The most widespread version of the Leopard 2 family, the 2A4 models included more substantial changes, including an automated fire and explosion suppression system, an all-digital fire control system able to handle new ammunition types, and improved turret with flat titanium/tungsten armour.
The Leopard 2s were manufactured in eight batches between 1985 and 1992. All the older models were also upgraded to 2A4 standard. Until 1994 Germany operated a total of 2,125 2A4s (695 newly built and the rest modified older versions), while the Netherlands had an additional 445 tanks. The 2A4 was also license manufactured in Switzerland as the Panzer 87 "Leopard" or Pz 87. This version included Swiss-built 7.5 mm Mg 87 machine guns and communications equipment, and featured improved NBC protection system. Switzerland operated 380 Pz 87 tanks.
Germany and the Netherlands found themselves with large stocks of tanks they had no need for at the end of the Cold War. These tanks were sold to NATO or friendly armies around the world. Austria (114), Canada (107), Chile (140), Denmark (51), Finland (139), Greece (183), Norway (52), Poland (128), Portugal (37), Singapore (96) Spain (108), Sweden (160), and Turkey (339) were among the buyers of the surplus tanks.
The Pz 87WE (WertErhaltung) is a Swiss modification and upgrade of the Pz 87.

The modification significantly improves protection through the addition of the Leopard 2A6M's mine protection kit, thicker armour on the front glacis, and a turret equipped with a Swiss-developed armour package using titanium alloy. The turret roof armour is improved and the smoke grenade launchers redesigned. Further improvements enhance survivability and combat capability, such as a turret electric drive similar to the Leopard 2A5, a driver rear-view camera, an independent weapons station for the loader, and enhanced command and control systems. The fire control system is also upgraded, using the Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH PERI-R17A2 fire control system. A remote weapons station containing a fully stabilized Mg 64 0.50 calibre machine gun is also fitted to the tank.
The Pz 87-140[31] is an experimental variant of the Swiss Pz 87 with a 140 mm gun and an additional armor later used on the newer production variants.
The Leopard 2A4CHL is the upgraded Chilean version of the Leopard 2A4 ordered by Chile in 2007. Upgrades include new electronics, sighting and information systems meant to elevate the Leopard 2A4's networking capability to be equal to that of the Leopard 2A6, a new suspension system and the upgrading of the tanks main gun to the L55 smoothbore cannon used on the Leopard 2A6. Other upgrades are remote weapon stations over the gunner and commander hatches fitted with the MG3 and HK GMG. The Leopard 2A4CHL also has improved roof and side turret armour and can be uplinked with Chile's battlefield control network.[citation needed]
The Leopard 2A4M CAN is the upgraded Canadian version of the Leopard 2A4 acquired from the Royal Netherlands Army surplus. The Leopard 2A4M CAN is specially designed for the war in Afghanistan, based on experience gained by Leopard 2 operators. The first 20 were delivered in October 2010 and are being deployed to Afghanistan.[32] Though originally planned to be up-gunned to the L55 for consistency with the 2A6M CAN, the longer barreled guns (optimized for tank-vs-tank warfare) were found to be less than ideal in Afghanistan, therefore it was decided to retain the L44. In addition, only small areas of slat armour were added, in contrast with the fully caged 2A6M CANs. The protection of the Leopard 2A4M CAN has been further augmented with the addition of applique armour resembling that found on the most recent Leopard 2A7+ variant, but modified to fit the turret configuration of the 2A4.[33] Of the remaining ex-Dutch Leopards, Canada will upgrade 42 for training use (though whether they will be fully upgraded to 2A4M CAN standards is uncertain) and convert 18 to Armoured Engineering Vehicles (13 firm and 5 options). Canada has also purchased 15 2A4s from Germany as Logistic Stock Vehicles (for spare parts), and in February 2011 bought 12 2A4s/Pz 87 from the Swiss to be converted to "support vehicles" (likely Armoured Recovery Vehicles).
The Leopard 2NG (Next Generation) is a privately funded Turkish upgrade by Aselsan that includes the application of more armour (AMAP), upgraded optics and a new fire control system on the work since 1995 and to be delivered by late 2011. It was developed without an order of the Turkish Army, but might meet the requirements for the modernization of 298 Turkish Leopard 2A4.The old powerpack and the L/44 gun barrel are kept, but the combat weight is increased to 65 tonnes.According to the Turkish news sources, Finland is interested in getting the Turkish upgrade package to modernize their fleet of Leopard 2A4s.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_2

Leopard 2A7+

Designation:Leopard 2A7+
Manufactured by: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co.KG - KMW
Type: Armoured Vehicles
Name: Main battle tank

The security environment of the 21st century sets today's military forces and their armoured troops in front of entirely new challenges. Thus, the clearly defined frontlines of the Cold War era have been replaced by a multitude of globally dispersed hotspots as the primary deployment scenario of modern armies. Stabilisation and peace-keeping missions have become the main objective for these forces.

Asymmetrical threats from terrorist groups, IEDs or individuals have created a dangerous environment in the deployment theatres. With the LEOPARD 2A7+, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann provides the adequate solution and enables armoured forces to fulfil their objectives effectively and safely. The upgrade kit is available for all LEOPARD 2 versions and includes a comprehensive component set.

Ready for new deployment scenarios

1. All-around protection kit against anti-tank weapons, mines, and IEDs
2. Secondary weapon, stabilized and remote controlled
3. Non lethal capabilities
4. 360° near field surveillance
5. Searchlight
6. Auxiliary Power Unit for silent mode
7. Infantry telephone box
8. Obstacle clearance blade
9. Cooling system for electronic components and crew

Source: http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product4464.html Read more...

YAKHONT - NEW-GENERATION ANTISHIP MISSILE

Forty years ago, on November 22, 1957, following the launch of a P-5 cruise missile from a submarine, the OKB-52 Experimental Design Bureau, today the Machine-Building Research and Production Association (MBR&PA), entered a new stage in its history.

For the first time the missile was fired directly from its container outfitted with short guides. After liftoff, the missile's wings automatically deployed in flight. The new launch method made it possible to eliminate weapon system assembly operations, typical of the P-10 domestically produced missile system and Regulus, its foreign counterpart operational at that time, on board the submarine. By virtue of this engineering innovation, the number of missiles carried by submarines was considerably increased, their maintenance became much simpler and combat readiness of the entire "submarine - weapon" system became higher. It is basically these features that allowed the missile to win a competition between various designs. The system entered service with a group of submarines and became one of the first and powerful weapons capable of performing strategic missions in ocean theaters of operations. Later, the engineering solutions incorporated in the missile system were recognized by domestic and foreign rocket builders as classical, without which one cannot even imagine further development and wide use of cruise missiles by armed forces worldwide.
On the basis of the advanced engineering solutions and other fundamentally new approaches incorporated in the P-5 missile, the MBR&PA developed several generations of cruise missiles which actually made a revolution in Russia's Navy and its armament. All of them featured such unique qualities as supersonic speed and powerful "smart" warheads adequately protected both in flight and on board their platforms. The missiles developed in Moscow suburb of Reutovo were equipping all domestic submarines - antiship missile system carriers - and most of surface fleet combatants, including nuclear-powered cruiser Pyotr Veliky and heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, Russian Navy's flagship.
Major advances in the development of previous-generation weapon systems, combined with the latest scientific and technological achievements made in Russia's defense industry, have enabled the MBR&PA headed by Gerbert Yefremov, General Designer, to start developing the fourth-generation antiship missiles.
The Yakhont-type antiship missile is designed to combat naval surface-ship groupings and single ships under heavy fire and electronic counteraction.
The missile is noted for:
- over-the-horizon range;
- true "fire-and-forget" performance;
- flexible flight path ("low", "high - low");
- supersonic speed at all flight phases;
- multi-platform capability permitting their use by surface ships of all major classes, submarines and ground-based launchers.
The parameters and performance characteristics given in Table 1 have become technically feasible due to the application of an array of unique design solutions and technology-intensive components and, above all, a supersonic ramjet sustainer motor, capable of operating in a broad range of speeds and altitudes, a noise-adaptive radar homing head, and a powerful onboard computer.
In the development of the missile, designers made use of a system approach, where different components, producing different output parameters, were integrated into a complex, well-tuned system capable of accomplishing its dedicated purpose with maximum efficiency. For the missile's capabilities, refer to the Figure.
Due to the Yakhont's short flying time (its speed is 2.5 times greater than the speed of sound) and the long effective range of its seeker head, the targeting of the missile need not be very accurate.
The ability to observe the entire target area from a high altitude, augmented by the enhanced capabilities of the antiship missile control system, make it possible to cue missiles to hostile ships in a group and discriminate false targets.
After launch, Yakhont's early descent to a low altitude, combined with its supersonic speed and seaskimming flight mode in the homing phase, make it possible to avoid detection and tracking of the missile by even the target's most sophisticated air defense systems.
The missiles's compactness and maintainability on board its platform are not the least important factors determining its appearance. First of all it can be explained by the missiles's unique construction unrivaled in terms of the degree of integration of components. Basically, the entire missile - from the nose air intake to the nozzle exit section - is a propulsion plant arranged in an airframe. Except for the intake bullet, where the control system and warhead are arranged, all of the missile's internal spaces, including the ramjet motor air duct, are filled with sustainer motor propellant and accommodate the built-in solid-propellant booster stage. The missile is enclosed in a sealed launch-container. The fact that there is almost no clearance between the missile's fuselage and internal surfaces of the launch-container indicates that the degree of integration of components is very high. The missile size provides for a two- or three-fold increase in the number of the missiles carried on board a platform.
The launch-container is an integral part of the missile system. The missile is dispatched from the manufacturing plant, shipped, stored and delivered to the user in its launch-container ready for use at all times. The missile's systems check-out is made without removing the weapon from its launch-container.
The launch-container, with the missile in it, is very simple to operate and maintain. It requires neither any liquid or gas for maintenance nor specific microclimate for storage and on board its carrier. All this simplifies operation and maintenance procedures and enhances the weapon's reliability.
As the missile's basic features encompass the use of a launch-container, a wide range of launch angles and an advanced firing method which does not require flame deflectors, the missile can easily be blended into the architecture of various platforms. It should be noted here that launchers of different designs can be used: very simple rack launchers intended for installation on low-tonnage vessels of the "guided-missile boat - corvette" class or vertical-launch modular systems designed for installation on large-displacement surface ships, i.e. frigates, destroyers and cruisers.
In addition to the well-known inclined and vertical installation methods applied to submarine- and ground-based antiship missiles, some innovative basing and launching methods have emerged for which Yakhont is quite suitable.
We can say with confidence that no one antiship missile system currently in service elsewhere in the world possesses such an array of unique technical and operational characteristics as Yakhont. Taking into account current trends in the development of the navies in the world, this fact is of paramount importance.
Due to economic reasons, since the early 1990s, most countries have been giving preference in their naval development plans to the procurement and construction of limited-displacement ships.
As a consequence, the requirements for combat effectiveness of their weapons systems have become more exacting and the process of replacing old-generation antiship missiles with new ones, where the first-generation subsonic missiles will be replaced with supersonic systems featuring a longer firing range and higher effectiveness, is associated with this trend and, according to forecasts, is likely to commence at the beginning of the 21st century. We can affirm that, owing to the unique characteristics of the Yakhont missile, even light warships armed with it will be able to perform missions that before could only be handled by large combatants.
Thus, we have good undertakings for the future and all reason to believe that the Yakhont antiship missile system will appear on the foreign market. Operators can rely on this system as it will ensure high operational effectiveness of their warships and security of sea borders.
Basic Characteristics of the Yakhont Antiship Missile System
Firing range, km:

mixed trajectory up to 300;
Low trajectory 120;
Speed, M: 2 to 2.5;
Flight altitude, final phase, m: 5 to 15
Weight of warhead, kg about: 200
Guidance: active-passive, radar seeker head;
Minimum target detection range in active mode, km: 50
Maximum seeker head search angle, deg.: ±45;
Propulsion plant: solid propellant booster stage; liquid-propellant ramjet motor;
Launcher type: Underwater, Surface, Ground;
Launch method:From closed bottom launch-container;
Launch angle range, deg: 15 to 90;
Weight, kg:
launch about:3,000;
In launch-container about 3,900
Launch-container dimensions, m:|
Length :8.9;
diameter: 0.7
Source: http://www.enemyforces.net/missiles/yahont.htm

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Su-25UB Combat-trainer Aircraft with Modernized Avionics

Su-25UB assault aircraft with modernized avionics is the further development of the two-seater Su-25UB training-combat airplane. The new airplane has a completely refurnished airborne equipment and state-of-the-art information management area in the cockpit, more powerful armament, improved combat survivability system, new engines.

Su-25UB with modernized avionics incorporates the full range of innovations, which are the same as on single-seat Su-25SM assault airplane, passed into service in the Russian Federation Air Force.Purpose

• Fire support for the ground forces
• Search and elimination of small-size mobile and static targets (armored vehicles, buildings and structures, fortified fire points, etc.)
• Search and elimination of air and water surface targets
• Pilot training for:

Technique of piloting in any time of day, in any weather conditions
Instrument flight
Aircraft navigation in any time of day, in any weather conditions
Target elimination
Actions in emergency flight conditions

Advantages

• Around-the-clock and all-weather operation
  
• Digh efficiency of combat employment, both in open area and in limited space conditions above the target and in hard-to-reach mountainous areas, when employment of other strike complexes is impossible
• The 100% protection of the pilot and the vital systems of the aircraft from hits by small arms and gun armament with caliber up to 30 mm and its fragmentation; Su-25UB aircraft with upgraded avionics has no equal among the modern strike complexes in sense of survivability during combat missions;
• Ability to combat at low altitudes with maneuverability of a modern fighter jet;
  
• Ability to take-off and land with delivered ordnance onto unpaved runways with limited preparation, highways, high-level aerodrome, located at elevations up to 3000 m

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, all kinds of military equipment, including Su-25UB aircraft with modernized avionics, can only be supplied abroad by FSUE “Rosoboronexport”, the Russian state special exporter
Source: http://www.uuaz.ru/production/su25ub/su25ub_about_e.html

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Mi-171 multifunctional helicopter

Mi-171 helicopter is one of the most successful designs of the Russian helicopter-building school. This helicopter is the result of deep modernization of Mi-8, the largest quantity helicopter in the world with total flight hours over 100 million hours. Mi-171 helicopter incorporates the best qualities of its famous predecessor and at the same time it gained new capabilities due to introduction of modern technologies. Shortly the helicopter and its modifications were accepted for operation in more than 30 countries. Year after year the number of the countries, operating Mi-171 helicopter, grows bigger.
High performance, reliability, simplicity of operation and maintenance, employment in a wide range of operation conditions, multi-functionality, acceptable price – these are the properties of Mi-171 helicopter, that have won it the trust of Operators all over the world. Mi-171 helicopter has Type Certificate, issued by ARIAC, as well as Type Acceptance Certificates in a number of countries.
Transportation of up to 37 troops/service passengers in full equipment on troop seats;

Transportation of 26 people on passenger seats;

Transportation of cargoes with weight up to 4000 kg in cargo compartment;

Transportation of cargoes with weight up to 4000 kg on external sling;

Search-and-rescue operations;

Firefighting;

Patrolling;

Transportation of up to 12 casualties on stretchers, accompanied by medical staff;

Emergency medical care in field conditions;

Lifting, loading and unloading the cargoes in flight.
Mi-171 helicopter enters "100 best merchandises of Russia, 2010
Source :http://www.uuaz.ru/production/mi171/mi171_about_e.html

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